Generative Components Studies

Mesh Models

Library Prescedent Analysis - Seattle Public Library

Sea Creature Analysis - Jellyfish Morphology & Ecology

Jellyfish:

- Relies on NERVOUS SYSTEM to survive
- Perceive Stimuli, such as Light and Odor.
- Not Hydrodynamic
- But, not a problem, Jellies rely on current of water to move.
- Rythmically Open and Close bell shape body when in water.
- Not adapted for Closed Spaces or with walls.
- Formation of “smack” or “Bloom” of jellies is a COMPLEX SYSTEM that depends on Ocean Currents, Nutrients, Temperature, and Oxygen Content.
- Transdifferentiation

In order to swim, jellyfish contract the circular muscles that line the undersurface of their bell (also called the subumbrellar surface). This contracts their mesoglea bell. The motion of the bell from the relaxed position to the fully contracted position results in the mesoglea interacting with the surrounding water in such a way that causes the jellyfish to move forward.

The shape of the bell, the size of the velum (relative to the bell diameter) and contraction characteristics determine how medusae interact with the surrounding fluid. In other words, these traits of a medusa interact to determine the flow that a medusa generates when swimming and how they generate thrust for swimming. Consequently, prolate and oblate medusae propel through the water differently.

Bullet shaped medusae (i.e., prolate medusae) generally possess large velums relative to their diameter and contract their bells rapidly. Their shape in conjunction with their contraction kinematics results in a rapid ejection of fluid from inside their bell while entraining minimal fluid from outside the bell into their wake. Consequently, they generate swimming thrust via jet propulsion.

Flatter medusae (i.e., oblate medusae) do not generally possess large velums and they contract their bells slower than prolate medusae. Consequently, they throw large amounts of water behind them as they swim that comes from both inside and outside the bell and forms a series of large closely spaced vortex rings in their wake. In addition, as their bells expand, after each contraction, water rushes in and refills the bell in the form of a large vortex ring the rotates in the opposite direction of the ring created when the bell contracted. This motion generates swimming thrust via rowing propulsion (also termed jet-paddling).

Prey selection by prolate medusae who swim using jet propulsion and forage as ambush predators is determined by a combination of their encounter rates and retention efficiencies with different types of prey. As a result, they often are highly selective and feed on larger more motile prey. Jet propulsion is ideal for ambush foraging because, while it may be energetically expensive, it is highly effective at enabling the medusae to reposition rapidly and minimize the time spent swimming and not feeding. Another consequence of jet propulsion for medusae is that it constrains their maximum size. Consequently, the combination of prey capture mechanisms, small size and gut capacity of ambush medusae limits the trophic impact they have on prey standing stocks.

Oblate rowing jellyfish species who forage as cruising predators generally exhibit overlapping diets consisting of slow-moving soft-bodied prey. Rowing propulsion enables cruising medusae to efficiently entrain and feed on large volumes of water as they swim and, in addition, it eliminates the size constraints imposed by jet propulsion. Consequently, the larger sizes and high clearance rates of cruising medusae have enabled them to have large trophic impacts such that they have been repeatedly observed limiting prey standing stocks and structuring pelagic ecosystems.

For More Info, Please See Below Link:

http://fox.rwu.edu/jellies/index.htm

Sea Creature Analysis - Jellyfish

Class: Scyphozoa

The class name Scyphozoa comes from the Greek word skyphos, denoting a kind of drinking cup and alluding to the cup shape of the animal.

Phylum: Cnidaria

Kingdom: Animalia

Jellyfish: transparent, soft-bodied marine animal, umbrella-shaped and of gelatinous appearance.
Umbrella: main part of the body of a jellyfish.
Endoderm: part of the jellyfish that supplies its digestive and respiratory systems.
Stomach: digestive organ of a jellyfish.
Gonad: sexual gland of a jellyfish.
Testis: sac containing the genital organs of a jellyfish.
Tentacle: organ of touch of a jellyfish.
Manubrium canal: tube situated in the foot of a jellyfish.
Oral arms: limb of the jellyfish related to its mouth.
Mouth: entrance to the digestive tract of a jellyfish.
Subumbrella: lower part of the umbrella of a jellyfish.
Radial canal: tube that follows a ray of the umbrella of a jellyfish.
Tentacles: mouth of a jellyfish.
Sense organ: sensory organ of a jellyfish.

They are made up of a layer of epidermis, gastrodermis, and a thick jellylike layer called mesoglea that separates the epidermis from the gastrodermis.

To compensate for its lack of basic sensory organs and a brain, the jellyfish exploits its nervous system and rhopalia to perceive stimuli, such as light or odor, and orchestrate expedient responses.

Their shape is not hydrodynamic, which makes them slow swimmers but this is little hindrance as they feed on plankton, needing only to drift slowly through the water. It is more important for them that their movements create a current where the water (which contains their food) is being forced within reach of their tentacles. They accomplish this by rhythmically opening and closing their bell-like body.

Holding jellies in captivity also presents other problems: for one, they are not adapted to closed spaces or areas with walls, which aquariums by definition have.

A group of jellyfish is often called a "smack." Many species of jellyfish are also capable of congregating into large swarms or "blooms" consisting of hundreds or even thousands of individuals. The formation of these blooms is a complex process that depends on ocean currents, nutrients, temperature and oxygen content. Jellyfish will sometimes mass breed during blooms. Jellyfish population is reportedly raising major ecological concerns for a possible jellyfish outbreak.

Most jellyfish have tentacles or oral arms coated with thousands of microscopic nematocysts; generally, each of these nematocyst has a "trigger" (cnidocil) paired with a capsule containing a coiled stinging filament, as well as barbs on the exterior. Upon contact, the filament will swiftly unwind, launch into the target, and inject toxins. It can then pull the victim into its mouth, if appropriate.

Abstract

The effects of ten different water temperatures on the growth of newly released ephyrae of Aurelia labiata were explored. Ephyrae grown at 21°C showed the greatest growth, increasing in bell diameter from about 4.0 mm to 14.5 mm in 14 days and remained in good condition for the duration of the experiment. Ephyrae subjected to other temperatures grew at different rates. Ephyrae maintained at 8°C gradually decreased in size during the experiment, shrinking in bell diameter from about 4.0 mm to 3.8 mm by day 14, but remained in apparent good condition. Ephyrae reared at 22.5°C and above everted their bells, were in poor condition, and were unable to feed or swim effectively by about day ten. In this study the optimal temperature range for rearing A. labiata ephyrae was 12°C—21°C, which corresponds with the reported range for this species.

http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=315043

GFP (GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN)

OCEAN TEMPERATURES

OCEAN CURRENTS

ECOSYSTEM OF MARINE ORGANISMS

JELLYFISH LIFE CYCLE

JELLYFISH BODY PLAN

VIEWS OF JELLYFISH

ART FORMS